Key Terminology: Legal Classifications

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LEGAL TERM

Private Law (Civil Law)

The body of law governing disputes between private parties

LEGAL TERM

Public Law

Law involving the government as a party

LEGAL TERM

Contract Law

Agreements between parties with legal obligations

LEGAL TERM

Tort Law

Civil wrongs independent of contracts

LEGAL TERM

Criminal Law

Government prosecution of violations

LEGAL TERM

Felony

Serious criminal offense, >1 year imprisonment

LEGAL TERM

Misdemeanor

Less serious criminal offense, <1 year

LEGAL TERM

Plaintiff

The party who initiates a lawsuit

LEGAL TERM

Defendant

The party being accused or sued

LEGAL TERM

Burden of Proof

The obligation to prove claims in court

LEGAL TERM

Meeting of the Minds

Mutual agreement on contract terms

LEGAL TERM

Consideration

Exchange of value in a contract

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